Your internet service reaches the home through a modem or gateway; the router shares that connection with local devices.
Network components
A modem connects to the internet service. A router creates the local network and directs traffic among devices and the internet. Many providers supply one gateway device that performs both roles. Ethernet cables provide a wired connection; Wi-Fi provides a radio connection.
Wi-Fi names and passwords
The network name is commonly called the SSID. Use a distinct name that does not reveal a family surname or address. Protect the network with modern encryption and a strong password. Change default administrator credentials on personally managed routers.
Speed and coverage
Internet-plan speed is only one factor. Distance, walls, interference, older devices, and crowded wireless channels affect Wi-Fi. Place the router in a reasonably central, open location rather than inside a metal cabinet or at the far edge of the home.
Use Ethernet for stationary devices where stability is more important than convenience.
Troubleshoot methodically
Determine whether one device or every device is affected. Check cables and indicator lights, try a known website, and restart equipment in an orderly way. Do not repeatedly factory-reset a router unless you have the configuration information needed to restore service.
Keep router firmware current and remove unknown connected devices.
Quick skill check
- Identify the modem or gateway and router
- Know the Wi-Fi name and where the password is stored safely
- Test whether an issue affects one or all devices
- Use Ethernet where practical
- Keep router administration protected